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Terrorism in Sri Lanka
Terrorism in Sri Lanka has been a highly destructive phenomenon during the periods of Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009) and first and second JVP Insurrections (1971 and 1987–89). A common definition of terrorism is the systematic use or threatened use of violence to intimidate a population or government for political, religious, or ideological goals. Sri Lanka is a country that has experienced some of the worst known acts of modern terrorism, such as suicide bombings, massacres of civilians and assassination of political and social leaders, that posed a significant threat to the society, economy and development of the country. The Prevention of Terrorism Act of 1978 is the legislation, that provides the powers to law enforcement officers to deal with issues related to terrorism in Sri Lanka.〔(Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act No. 48 of 1979 ), SATP〕 It was first enacted as a temporary law in 1979 under the presidency of J. R. Jayewardene, and later made permanent in 1982.
Terrorism found in Sri Lanka can be mainly categorized in to ethno-nationalist terrorism, left wing terrorism and state terrorism. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) are mainly accused for the destruction caused by terrorism in the country.〔(JVP and LTTE the twin menace that destroyed this Nation ), A.A.M. Nizam, Daily News〕〔(Trying to shoo the Eagle away ), The Island〕〔(The Separatist Conflict in Sri Lanka: Terrorism, Ethnicity, Political Economy ), Asoka Bandarage〕 The LTTE, also known as Tamil Tigers is a deadly extremist militant group that has launched a campaign of violence and bloodshed in Sri Lanka, to seize control of the country from the Sinhalese ethnic majority to create an independent Tamil state.〔(Taming the Tamil Tigers ), FBI〕〔(LTTE ), International Terrorist Symbols Data Base〕〔(International Perspectives on Terrorist Victimisation: An Interdisciplinary ), Javier Argomaniz〕〔(Sri Lanka’s RehabilitationProgram: A New Frontierin Counter Terrorism and Counter Insurgency ), Malkanthi Hettiarachchi〕 This campaign led to the Sri Lankan Civil War, which ran from 1983 until 2009, when the LTTE was decisively defeated by the Sri Lankan Military. Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna is a Marxist-Leninist, communist party, which was involved in two armed uprisings against the ruling governments in 1971 (SLFP) and 1987–89 (UNP). After the two unsuccessful insurrections the JVP entered democratic politics in 1994.
==History and origins==
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